what is BIP39?

the common standard that turns a random number into a seed phrase of 12 to 24 words.

the words come from a fixed list of 2,048, the order matters, and an optional passphrase can be added. not every wallet uses BIP39, so the format belongs on the backup.

related words

derivation path the route a wallet uses to find accounts and addresses from a seed phrase.
secret sharing (SLIP-39) a way to split a wallet backup into several shares, where a set number of them restores it.
wallet configuration (descriptor) a file or text that describes how a multisig or advanced wallet is built.

part of the topic after death: free articles, more words and the guide.

checked 2026-10-20. education, not advice. found a mistake? see corrections.